Acetylation is one of the major protein modifications in cells, where the acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) is transferred to a polypeptide chain. Protein acetylation can occur at N-terminal as a co-translational covalent modification by N-terminal acetyltransferases (NATs), or on lysine as a reversible post-translational modification (PTM). Like phosphorylation, acetylation also affects protein function by altering the properties of proteins such as hydrophobicity, solubility, protein conformation and affinity with other macromolecules. https://www.cd-biosciences.com/acetyltransferases-deacetylases.html

CD BioSciences has been a trusted biotechnology company and our services in bio-3D printing have been well-received by our customers. The team of experts from CD BioSciences provides various types of in vitro model construction services based on the high-resolution 3Dmicroflu™ technology platform, covering almost all aspects of life science research. Here, the advantages and applications of the 3Dmicroflu™ technology platform for building complex vascular models in cardiovascular disease models are demonstrated below. https://www.3dmicroflu.com/complex-vascular-micro-model-3d-printing-service.html

In vivo fluorescence imaging is a non-invasive approach to visualize and quantify cellular and biological functions. Using these bio-specific, validated fluorescent probes, dyes, and panels, scientists can visualize the pathogenesis of disease and related biological processes in the context of living systems. The ability to provide earlier and more meaningful preclinical insights into disease processes and therapeutic effects makes fluorescence an attractive alternative to standard imaging methods in certain preclinical investigations. The use of in vivo fluorescence imaging for scientific research offers many advantages. https://www.bioimagingtech.com/in-vivo-imaging-reagents.html

Cells are the basic units of living organisms and have a variety of important functions that enable organisms to function properly and sustain life. Different types of cells have specific functions to meet the needs of different tissues and to maintain the normal life activities of an organism. Cell function imaging can be used to observe and analyze the functions of living cells, usually by visualizing and recording intracellular biological processes, and molecular interactions, and quantifying many metrics to reveal information about the cell's function. In addition to understanding the physiological mechanisms of cells, cell function imaging can also obtain information related to the mechanisms of disease occurrence and the actions and effects of drugs. https://www.bioimagingtech.com/cell-function-imaging-services.html

CD BioSciences is a professional technology company providing 3D printing services and products. CD BioSciences focuses on offering a series of high-quality 3D printing materials to meet the parts production and performance requirements of different industries. The materials of CD BioSciences cover metal materials, plastic materials, ceramics and wood, and it will continue to launch new materials. https://www.3dmicroflu.com/plastic-materials.html

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are important components in signaling transductions, which affect the activity of proteins in signaling pathways. Phosphorylation is the most common PTM. The other PTMs include acetylation, methylation, glycosylation, lipidation, nitrosylation and ubiquitination. https://www.cd-biosciences.com/ptm-enzymes.html

CD BioSciences has been a trusted biotechnology company and our services in bio-3D printing have been well-received by our customers. The team of experts from CD BioSciences provides various types of in vitro model construction services based on the high-resolution 3Dmicroflu™ technology platform, covering almost all aspects of life science research. Here, the advantages and applications of the 3Dmicroflu™ technology platform for the construction of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis models are demonstrated below. https://www.3dmicroflu.com/nash-micro-model-3d-printing-service.html

Cells are the basic units of living organisms and have a variety of important functions that enable organisms to function properly and sustain life. Different types of cells have specific functions to meet the needs of different tissues and to maintain the normal life activities of an organism. Cell function imaging can be used to observe and analyze the functions of living cells, usually by visualizing and recording intracellular biological processes, and molecular interactions, and quantifying many metrics to reveal information about the cell's function. In addition to understanding the physiological mechanisms of cells, cell function imaging can also obtain information related to the mechanisms of disease occurrence and the actions and effects of drugs. https://www.bioimagingtech.com/cell-function-imaging-services.html

Proteostasis is the dynamic regulation of protein homeostasis, where all the cellular pathways govern the production, folding, trafficking and degradation of proteins. Pathways to ensure proteostasis in different subcellular compartments are defined as unfolded protein responses (UPRs), which have evolved in the cytosol as cytosolic heat shock response (HSR), endoplasmic reticulum as UPRER and mitochondria as UPRmt.

Dysfunction of proteostasis signaling pathways has been implicated in a variety of age-related diseases including neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's disease), metabolic diseases (e.g., diabetes), inflammatory diseases, and cancer.

As a trusted CRO, CD BioSciences provides a comprehensive panel of solutions covering all aspects of life science research, including proteostasis & UPR. https://www.cd-biosciences.com/proteostasis-upr.html

Tissue section imaging plays a key role in pathology and disease research. By slicing tissue samples into thin sections and applying specific staining or labeling methods, researchers are able to observe and analyze cellular and molecular structures in tissues. In addition, tissue section imaging can be used to study the expression of specific biological targets and to determine the expression levels and spatial distribution of these biological targets in different tissue types and pathological states. Tissue section imaging services can help researchers gain insights into the pathological changes of diseases, evaluate therapeutic drug co-localization and develop new therapeutic approaches. https://www.bioimagingtech.com/tissue-section-imaging-services.html

Ceramic materials have high hardness, low density, excellent chemical stability, corrosion resistance, low coefficient of thermal expansion, and are poor conductors of electricity and heat. Ceramic 3D printing is an emerging field in recent years, and has been widely used in the production of tableware, artwork and cultural. The traditional ceramic processing industry is time-consuming and costly. Combining 3D printing technology with ceramic materials can greatly shorten the production cycle and cost, and is gradually applied in many fields. 3D printed ceramics can not only obtain parts with complex shapes, but also overcome many challenges brought on by traditional ceramic processes. https://www.3dmicroflu.com/ceramics.html

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are important components in signaling transductions, which affect the activity of proteins in signaling pathways. Phosphorylation is the most common PTM. The other PTMs include acetylation, methylation, glycosylation, lipidation, nitrosylation and ubiquitination.

In signaling pathways, proteins exist in two states: activated and inactivated, which are generally under the regulation PTMs. PTMs mediate signaling transductions during cell proliferation and differentiation, immune response, metabolism, apoptosis, etc. Any dysregulation of PTMs in the cells leads to different levels of functional failures. Thus, learning how protein PTMs modulate signaling pathways are of great importance.

CD BioSciences offers a complete portfolio of solutions for resolve PTM-related issues including PTM profiling, substrate and enzyme identification and inhibitor/activator screening. https://www.cd-biosciences.com/ptm-enzymes.html

Gelatin is extracted from collagen in connective tissues such as animal skin, bone, and muscle membranes. As a biocompatible polymer, it has been used as a delivery vehicle for releasing active biomolecules and generating scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. https://www.3dmicroflu.com/gelatin-based-bioinks.html

Bacteria are prokaryotic microorganisms that widely exist in nature and have the characteristics of small size, simple structure and strong environmental adaptability. Bacteria have many impacts on people's daily life and production. Various genetically engineered bacteria can be used in food production, pharmaceutical production and environmental purification. In addition, bacteria can cause food nutrient loss, flavor changes, and shelf-life spoilage. Most bacteria will not cause harm to people, but the existence of some serious pathogenic bacteria will threaten human life and health. Therefore, imaging analysis of bacterial structural and morphological changes and their growth status is of great significance for the treatment of diseases caused by bacterial infection. https://www.bioimagingtech.com/bacterial-imaging-analysis.html

A virus is a specialized organism without a cellular structure, consisting of a protein coat and genetic material inside. Since viruses are acellular, they cannot achieve numerical growth through cell division. They use the metabolic tools in the host cell to synthesize copies of themselves and complete viral assembly. Viruses are everywhere, and many human diseases are caused by viral infections. Virus imaging analysis is a tool to study the structure and infection mechanism of virus. It is very important for the development of therapeutic methods for diseases caused by virus infection. https://www.bioimagingtech.com/viral-imaging-analysis.html

Autophagy is an orderly circulatory system within a cell that can degrade unnecessary cytoplasmic proteins and damaged organelles. It is a dynamic autophagy process that exists in all eukaryotic cells. Autophagy is important for cells to resist intracellular and extracellular stress and maintain metabolic homeostasis. It is involved in many physiological events, including cell renewal, cell growth, immunity and aging. Recent evidence indicates that changes in autophagy often occur in many human diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and cardiomyopathy. Therefore, finding new drugs that target the autophagy pathway is essential for the treatment of human diseases. https://www.bioimagingtech.com/autophagy-imaging-analysis.html

As a trusted 3D bioprinting biotech company, CD BioSciences' experienced team of experts can offer you various types of in vitro model building services based on the high-resolution 3Dmicroflu™ technology platform covering all aspects of life science research. Here, the advantages and applications of 3Dmicroflu™ technology platform in the construction of diabetes 's disease micro models are demonstrated in the following section. https://www.3dmicroflu.com/diabetes-model-micro-model-3d-printing-service.html

Cell signaling pathways allow cells to communicate with their environment. There are three stages in a cell signaling event: reception, transduction, response. Different signaling pathways control different cellular processes. But all signaling pathways share a common goal, that is, to generate appropriate cellular responses to accommodate environmental changes.

Studying cellular responses is to understand the ultimate outcome of a signaling transduction event. CD BioSciences offers a complete portfolio of solutions for studying cellular responses to signaling, covering gene expression, cell metabolism, cell growth and other cell behaviors. https://www.cd-biosciences.com/cellular-responses.html

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are important components in signaling transductions, which affect the activity of proteins in signaling pathways. Phosphorylation is the most common PTM. The other PTMs include acetylation, methylation, glycosylation, lipidation, nitrosylation and ubiquitination.

In signaling pathways, proteins exist in two states: activated and inactivated, which are generally under the regulation PTMs. PTMs mediate signaling transductions during cell proliferation and differentiation, immune response, metabolism, apoptosis, etc. Any dysregulation of PTMs in the cells leads to different levels of functional failures. Thus, learning how protein PTMs modulate signaling pathways are of great importance. https://www.cd-biosciences.com/ptm-enzymes.html

The key to understanding the mechanism of a signaling pathway is to identify and characterize the TFs functioning downstream the signaling pathway. CD BioSciences offers a complete portfolio of solutions covering every aspect of TF studies, including binding motif analysis, domain mapping, and interacting protein identification. https://www.cd-biosciences.com/transcription-factors.html

Drug discovery is an interdisciplinary field, focusing on the identification and preclinical testing of candidate drugs in vitro, ex vitro and in vivo. The research and development of new drugs is divided into two stages: research and development. These two stages occur successively and are interrelated. The mark that distinguishes the two stages is the determination of candidate drugs, that is, the research stage is before the determination of candidate drugs, and the work after the determination is the development stage. In recent years, imaging technology has been used in the process of drug research and development, which has greatly promoted the development of the medical field. https://www.bioimagingtech.com/imaging-analysis-for-drug-discovery-development.html

As a trusted 3D bioprinting biotech company, CD BioSciences' experienced team of experts can offer you various types of in vitro model building services based on the high-resolution 3Dmicroflu™ technology platform covering all aspects of life science research. Here, the advantages and applications of 3Dmicroflu™ technology platform in the construction of Parkinson's Disease micro models are demonstrated in the following section. https://www.3dmicroflu.com/parkinsons-disease-micro-model-3d-printing-service.html

CD BioSciences offers a variety of antibody array testing services covering a wide range of signaling pathways. With our ELISA based platform for high-throughput protein profiling in cells, tissues, serum, or even culture media, you are freed from lousy work like conventional Western Blots or traditional ELISA. https://www.cd-biosciences.com/pathway-profiling-with-antibody-array.html

An antibody array is a form of protein microarray which is a high-throughput technology for protein profiling. In this technology, a collection of antibodies is spotted and fixed on a solid surface such as glass, plastic, membrane, or silicon chip, and the interaction between the antibody and its target antigen is detected. It can be used to detect the levels of protein expression or post-translational modification (PTM). https://www.cd-biosciences.com/pathway-profiling-with-antibody-array.html

Signaling pathways regulate cellular processes, such as apoptosis, inflammation, metabolism and angiogenesis. Dysregulations of signaling-transduction pathways lead to malfunction of those processes and result in pathological or disease states.

To have a better understanding of the regulation of signaling pathways and find potential drugs or treatments for diseases, CD BioSciences offers well-established cell-based reporter assays to evaluate the impact of therapeutics or gene manipulations in signaling pathways. https://www.cd-biosciences.com/cell-signaling-pathway-reporter-screening.html

Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) staining has been used for more than a century and is still essential for identifying various tissue types and the morphological changes that form the basis of modern cancer diagnosis. For routine diagnosis, pathologists prefer H&E when observing the details of cell and tissue structure. H&E can display a wide range of cytoplasm, nucleus and extracellular matrix characteristics, for this reason, almost all teaching texts use H&E images. Hematoxylin has a dark blue-violet color and dyes nucleic acids through complex reactions. Eosin is pink and non-specifically stains proteins. In a typical tissue, the nucleus is blue, while the cytoplasm and extracellular matrix are pink to varying degrees. Well-fixed cells show considerable intranuclear detail. https://www.bioimagingtech.com/hematoxylin-eosin-staining.html

Polycarbonate (PC) is a strong thermoplastic resin with many advantages, such as good mechanical properties, thermal stability, and light transmission. Based on these properties, PC bioinks are used differently from other bioinks and are mainly used for printing in 3D cell and tissue culture devices to facilitate optical observation of cell growth. https://www.3dmicroflu.com/polycarbonate-item-23.html

The performance of retailers is closely related to factors such as sales, customer flows, market trends, etc. In this case, statistical techniques help with analysis, focusing on the abovementioned factors to improve performance. According to statistical analysis, retailers can easily make decisions about pricing, inventory management, and even marketing campaigns, which suggests the importance of statistical analysis for the retail industry. https://www.highrun-ds.com/retail.html

A protein phosphatase (PP) is an enzyme catalyzing the removal/hydrolysis of phosphate groups from phosphorylated amino acid residues (Ser, Thr and Tyr) of proteins. The process is termed dephosphorylation. There are approximately 200 phosphatases in the human proteome. Since many kinases are oncogenes, phosphatases, counterbalancing the activity of kinases, are likely to act as tumor suppressors, such as PTEN. They are essential for brain function such as learning and memory. Dysregulation of PPs is associated with disorders inducing autoimmune diseases, cognitive ageing and neurodegeneration, as well as cancer, diabetes and obesity. https://www.cd-biosciences.com/kinases-phosphatases.html

Ubiquitination (ubiquitinylation) is a post-translational modification (PTM) process, where a ubiquitin is added to a lysine/cysteine/ serine/threonine of a substrate protein via the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin. It is essential for balancing numerous physiological processes. Through altering proteins' degradation, cellular location, activity, and interactions with other molecules, ubiquitination regulates protein functions in relevant signaling pathways. https://www.cd-biosciences.com/ubiquitin-enzymes-dubs.html