At what point do you say to yourself these f were willing to vaccinate children with mind control nanoparticles regardless of the oxidative stress side effects?

In response The Mac to his Publication

I would probably say that to myself when the probability of it being true reached near 100%. I haven't looked at enough evidence of the nanoparticles to know either way. I haven't seen "nanoparticle" in the ingredients, so I need to learn more about it, but the mRNA is also concerning.

Given everything you now know about vaxxines go back & watch the Documentaries Vaxxed 1&2. Autism is a fate worse than death

Pfizer 'N' Tech. Clue is in the name N = Nano

Given everything you now know about vaxxines go back & watch the Documentaries Vaxxed 1&2. Autism is a fate worse than death

In response BLACK SHEEP to his Publication
In response BLACK SHEEP to his Publication

How do you make penicillin?

Sonocrystallization.

Who owns the patent?

Pfizer.

How do viruses form?

In response The Mac to his Publication

Ultrasound.

In response The Mac to his Publication

1.2.1.3.2 Laser-induced Nucleation Application of continuous wave42,43 or pulsed lasers44,45 can dramatically shorten induction times in a wide range of solutions. In principle, this provides an intriguing opportunity for accurate spatial and temporal control of nucleation in both batch and continuous systems. Furthermore, laser-induced nucleation can lead to different polymorphs being nucleated compared to identical solutions in the absence of lasers.46
As laser-induced nucleation has been reported for systems which were not significantly absorbing light at the laser wavelengths used, this phenomenon does not necessarily involve photochemical effects.

In response The Mac to his Publication

For pulsed lasers, it has been established that a certain threshold laser power is needed to induce nucleation47,48 and that the probability of nucleation can further increase with increasing laser power. It has been also observed that the probability distribution of induction time in laser irradiated glycine solutions shows bi-exponential distribution, where a certain fraction of samples undergo fast laser-induced nucleation while the rest undergo much slower spontaneous nucleation.
However, the mechanism of laser-induced nucleation in the absence of a photochemical effect is not yet clear. Several mechanisms have been suggested, such as polarization of clusters and cavitation or bubble formation, e.g., caused by heating of nanoparticulate impurities.42–47

In response The Mac to his Publication

1.2.1.3.3 Effects of Electric or Magnetic Fields on Nucleation A theoretical description of the effect of an electric field on the homogeneous nucleation rate preceded experimental work and concluded that depending on the ratio of dielectric constants between solution and solid the nucleation rate will decrease or increase.49 One of the first experimental reports on the combination of electric field and crystallization showed that the electric field enabled the crystallization of an enzyme.50 Later on, it was shown that crystals of lysozyme formed with a preferred orientation on the electrode, probably because of the field's influence on the nucleation process.51

In response The Mac to his Publication

A decrease in induction time of the protein BPTI was for instance observed in the presence of an electric field assumed to occur due to electromigration.52 Another interesting effect is that particle motion is induced in a suspension in an isolator solvent after which the particles collect at a specific electrode.53 This effect was used to separate a mixture of crystals that collect at different electrodes under the influence of an electric field.
Electric fields are nowadays known to be able to locally enhance or inhibit nucleation, although the mechanism seems not yet clear. Despite its potential, as far as we know, localized electric field induced nucleation has not yet been applied to continuous crystallization processes.

In response The Mac to his Publication

1.2.2 Secondary Nucleation

Secondary nucleation is believed to be the predominant source of nuclei in the vast majority of crystallization processes. Secondary nucleation also could cause polymorphism “whether contact secondary nuclei originate from parent crystals via microattrition or from semiordered solute clusters at the interface of parent crystals” (Figures 1.3, 1.4and 1.5),54,55 however, detailed discussion of this topic is not in the scope of this chapter. The importance of secondary nucleation can be explained with two examples of seeding and particle attrition:

In response The Mac to his Publication

1.2.2.1 Seeded Crystallization In order to keep the crystal number constant, primary or secondary nucleation needs to be prevented, therefore a zero (or negligible) rate of secondary nucleation is required. Typically, this is difficult to achieve in suspension crystallizers because of the preponderance of secondary nucleation. In continuous stirred tank (CST) crystallization, the secondary nucleation is typically required for steady supply of new crystals, so the rate of secondary nucleation needs to be controlled. This should be the main focus of the process design such that the population density can be maintained at a modest supersaturation consistent with faceted growth, impurity rejection and delaying the onset of encrustation.

In response The Mac to his Publication

The capability to manipulate CST is dominated by the ability to manipulate the secondary nucleation rate and allow the system to readjust to a new steady state through growth. Sucrose represents a special case where the seed crystals are added as very fine particles and because of the high solution viscosity, crystal collisions are relatively rare and sufficiently gentle that very few secondary nuclei form. This is why commercial granular sucrose has a tightly controlled particle size typically between 355 µm and 500 µm depending on the seed load selected.
Secondary nucleation has been defined56 as: “nucleation which takes place only because of the prior presence of crystals of the material being crystallized”. Therefore, secondary nucleation of a solid phase of a substance occurs due to presence of particle(s) of the same substance vs. heterogeneous primary nucleation which occurs due to presence of other interfaces.

In response The Mac to his Publication

The crystal growth and nucleation kinetics of penicillin sulfoxide in butyl acetate were studied with Mydlarz & Jones model, which fits the experimental values best. After the model was treated by moment transformation, the crystal growth and nucleation rates were calculated from the crystal size distribution. The parameters in crystallization kinetic functions were obtained with the least square method. The effects of supersaturation ratio, temperature and agitator speed were examined.

In conclusion, the crystal growth of penicillin sulfoxide is controlled by surface growth because the growth rate increases greatly with the increase of supersaturation ratio. High agitator speed results in the breakage of penicillin sulfoxide crystals and improves the secondary nucleation. As a result, crystal growth rate decreases and nucleation rate increases with the increase of agitator speed. The study on crystal growth and nucleation kinetics will be beneficial to the industrial production of penicillin sulfoxide.

In response The Mac to his Publication

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In response The Mac to his Publication

A fundamental step in the replication of a viral particle is the self-assembly of its rigid shell (capsid) from its constituent proteins. Capsids play a vital role in genome replication and intercellular movement of viruses, and as such, understanding viral assembly has great potential in the development of new antiviral therapies and a systematic treatment of viral infection.

In response The Mac to his Publication

In this article, we assume that nucleation is the underlying mechanism for self-assembly and combine the theoretical methods of the physics of equilibrium polymerization with those of the classical nucleation to develop a theory for the kinetics of virus self-assembly. We find expressions for the size of the critical capsid, the lag time, and the steady-state nucleation rate of capsids, and how they depend on both protein concentration and binding energy. The latter is a function of the acidity of the solution, the ionic strength, and the temperature, explaining why capsid nucleation is a sensitive function of the ambient conditions.

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