respectfully, which one might be the shape of the Earth?
A standing bell or resting bell is an inverted bell, supported from below with the rim uppermost. Such bells are normally bowl-shaped, and exist in a wide range of sizes, from a few centimetres to a metre in diameter. They are often played by striking, but some—known as singing bowls—may also be played by rotating a mallet around the outside rim to produce a sustained musical note.
Struck bowls are used in some Buddhist religious practices to accompany periods of meditation and chanting.
Struck and singing bowls are widely used for music making,
meditation and relaxation,
as well for personal spirituality.
When a raindrop crashes into the surface of a puddle... 😉👉🏻the collision causes tiny currents to spin around inside the droplet as well as below the surface of the puddle. If you could peer into the droplet, you'd see water rushing downward along the edges inside the drop and then climbing back up toward the center, That spinning motion inside the droplet, invisible under most circumstances, creates enough force to tug on the air surrounding the droplet.
The air forms into a thin, fast stream of wind that flows under the drop, holding it a hair's width above the surface, however, that those engines — inside the droplet and below the surface of the liquid — don't spin on their own. Heat differences between a drop and the liquid it impacts drive the rotation and the levitation. Once the raindrop warms or cools to the temperature of the puddle — a process sped up by those spinning engines that can take anywhere from milliseconds to seconds — it will crash through its magic rug of air and disappear into the puddle,
The MIT researchers figured out how to calculate the minimum difference in heat for levitation to occur in any given liquid. If the difference is greater than that minimum, they found, the droplet levitates longer. Any shorter, and the drop won't levitate at all.
Through some clever experimental setups and the aid of high-speed cameras, the researchers were able to make some beautiful videos of the levitation engines in action. The scientists mixed some shiny flakes of titanium dioxide into oil, then pinned a drop of that oil against the surface of a larger pool with a syringe. They backlit the drop with a bright LED, and the titanium dioxide lit up as it swirled in the churning currents, following the path of the engines.
🙏🏻❤️
Sonoluminescence can occur when a sound wave of sufficient intensity induces a gaseous cavity within a liquid to collapse quickly. ... The bubbles are very small when they emit the light—about 1 micrometre in diameter—depending on the ambient fluid (e.g., water) and the gas content of the bubble (e.g., atmospheric air).
Plasma Activated Water is produced only by making use of water, air and electricity.. .
A Star and hence our Sun, is an almost entirely ionized ball of plasma, consisting of electrons and ions, in which there is hardly any gas (neutral atoms). The movement of the plasma produces strong magnetic fields and corresponding electric currents.
Although photon upconversion was first studied in bulk crystals and optical fibers, it became better known with the development of nanomaterials. This happened due to the many ways in which nanostructures with photon upconversion properties can be applied. This new class of materials may broadly be referred to as upconverting nanoparticles or UCNPs.
Photon upconversion through sensitized triplet-triplet annihilation has the advantage of being efficient even at low excitation intensities making it potentially useful for converting sun light to enhance solar cell efficiencies.
Semiconductor nanoparticles or quantum dots have often been demonstrated to emit light of shorter wavelength than the excitation following a two-photon absorption mechanism, not photon upconversion. However, recently the use of semiconductor nanoparticles, such as CdSe, PbS and PbSe as sensitizers combined with molecular emitters has been shown as a new strategy for photon upconversion through triplet-triplet annihilation.
[20] They have been used to upconvert 980 nm infrared light to 600 nm visible light;[20] green light to blue light;[21][22] and blue light to ultraviolet.[23] This technique benefits from a very high upconverting capability. Especially, these materials can be used to capture the infrared region of sunlight to electricity and enhance the efficiency of photovoltaic solar cells.
From Middle English level, from Old French livel, liveau m, later nivel, niveau, from Latin libella f (“a balance, a level”), diminutive of libra f (“a balance, a level”); see libra, librate.
The verb is from Middle English levelen,
spirit level
noun
a device consisting of a sealed glass tube partially filled with alcohol or other liquid, containing an air bubble whose position reveals whether a surface is perfectly level.
Microbubbles are small gas-filled microspheres that have specific acoustic properties that make them useful as a contrast agent in ultrasound imaging.
A contrast agent is a substance used to increase the contrast of structures or fluids within the body in medical imaging. Contrast agents absorb or alter external electromagnetism or ultrasound, which is different from radiopharmaceuticals, which emit radiation themselves.
The evolutionary history of viruses represents a fascinating, albeit murky, topic for virologists and cell biologists. Because of the great diversity among viruses, biologists have struggled with how to classify these entities and how to relate them to the conventional tree of life.
Spectrometers used in space applications could be reduced in size drastically, if the development of a prototype instrument based around quantum-dot wavelength “filters” proves successful.
A collaboration between NASA and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is currently working on the approach, with a view to launching the first such system on board a CubeSat.
Abstract. Two scientists contributed to the discovery of the first virus, Tobacco mosaic virus. Ivanoski reported in 1892 that extracts from infected leaves were still infectious after filtration through a Chamberland filter-candle. Bacteria are retained by such filters, a new world was discovered: filterable pathogens ...
Use of the Pasteur-Chamberland filter led to the discovery that diphtheria and tetanus toxins, among others, could still cause illness even after filtration. Identification of these toxins contributed to the development of antitoxins to treat such diseases. It was also discovered that a type of substance, initially known as a "filterable virus", passed through the smallest Pasteur-Chamberland filters, and replicated itself inside living cells. The discovery that biological entities smaller than bacteria existed was important in establishing the field of virology.
Beginning with energy sources obtained from their environment in the form of sunlight and organic food molecules, eukaryotic cells make energy-rich molecules like ATP and NADH via energy pathways including photosynthesis, glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose. Glucose is used as food by the plant and oxygen is a by-product. Cellular respiration converts oxygen and glucose into water and carbon dioxide. Water and carbon dioxide are by- products and ATP is energy that is transformed from the process.
Photosynthesis consumes CO2 and produces oxygen. Cellular respiration consumes oxygen and produces CO2.
Artificial photosynthesis is a chemical process that biomimics the natural process of photosynthesis to convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and oxygen.
actuality, however, plants do not absorb all incoming sunlight (due to reflection, respiration requirements of photosynthesis and the need for optimal solar radiation levels) and do not convert all harvested energy into biomass, which results in a maximum overall photosynthetic efficiency of 3 to 6% of total solar radiation. If photosynthesis is inefficient, excess light energy must be dissipated to avoid damaging the photosynthetic apparatus. Energy can be dissipated as heat (non-photochemical quenching), or emitted as chlorophyll fluorescence.
"excess light energy must be dissipated to avoid damaging the photosynthetic apparatus."
verb: dissipate; 3rd person present: dissipates; past tense: dissipated; past participle: dissipated; gerund or present participle: dissipating
1.
(with reference to a feeling or emotion) disappear or cause to disappear.
"the concern she'd felt for him had wholly dissipated"
disperse or scatter.
"the cloud of smoke dissipated"
2.
waste or fritter away (money, energy, or resources).
"he inherited, but then dissipated, his father's fortune"
cause (energy) to be lost through its conversion to heat.
"no power is dissipated in this sort of control element"
late Middle English: from Latin dissipat- ‘scattered’, from the verb dissipare, from dis- ‘apart, widely’ + supare ‘to throw’.
scatter
/ˈskatə/
verb
past tense: scattered; past participle: scattered
1.
throw in various random directions.
cover (a surface) with objects thrown or spread randomly over it.
"the sandy beaches are scattered with driftwood"
2.
(of a group of people or animals) separate and move off quickly in different directions.
"the roar made the dogs scatter"
throw
strew
toss
fling
sprinkle
spread
distribute
sow
broadcast
intersperse
disseminate
shower
spatter
spray
bestrew
occur or be found at intervals rather than all together.
fleck
stud
dot
cover
sprinkle
stipple
spot
pepper
litter
bestud
cause (a group of people or animals) to move off quickly in different directions.
"he charged across the foyer, scattering people"
deflect or diffuse (electromagnetic radiation or particles).
"the light is scattered as it strikes particles suspended in the air"
Middle English (as a verb): probably a variant of shatter.
verb: shatter; 3rd person present: shatters; past tense: shattered; past participle: shattered; gerund or present participle: shattering
1.
break or cause to break suddenly and violently into pieces.
"bullets riddled the bar top, glasses shattered, bottles exploded"
smash
smash to smithereens
break
break into pieces
burst
blow out
explode
implode
splinter
crack
fracture
fragment
disintegrate
bust
shiver
Shivering (also called shuddering) is a bodily function in response to cold in warm-blooded animals. When the core body temperature drops, the shivering reflex is triggered to maintain homeostasis. Skeletal muscles begin to shake in small movements, creating warmth by expending energy. Shivering can also be a response to a fever, as a person may feel cold. During fever the hypothalamic set point for temperature is raised.
past tense: raised; past participle: raised
1.
lift or move to a higher position or level.
"she raised both arms above her head"
lift
lift up
raise aloft
elevate
uplift
upraise
hoist
haul up
heave up
lever up
hitch up
take up
hoick up
upheave
uprear
upthrust
lift or move to a vertical position; set upright.
"Melody managed to raise him to his feet"
set upright
place vertical
set up
put up
stand (up)
upend
stand on end
pitch
construct or build (a structure).
"a fence was being raised around the property"
build
construct
erect
assemble
put up
cause to rise or form.
"the galloping horse raised a cloud of dust"
bring to the surface (a ship that has sunk).
"divers have located and hope to raise the submarine"
cause (bread) to rise, especially by the action of yeast.
"a strain of yeast that would create enough gas to raise the thick bread dough"
cause to rise
make rise
leaven
ferment
puff up
dilate
inflate
cause to occur or to be considered.
"the alarm was raised when he failed to return home"
up
introduce
advance
broach
mention
allude to
touch on
suggest
moot
put forward
bring forward
pose
present
propose
submit
air
ventilate
table
give rise to
occasion
cause
bring into being
bring about
produce
engender
draw forth
elicit
create
set going
set afoot
result in
lead to
prompt
awaken
arouse
excite
summon up
activate
evoke
induce
kindle
incite
stir up
trigger
spark off
provoke
instigate
foment
whip up
beget
enkindle
cause to appear
call up
call forth
invoke
summon (up)
conjure up
get
obtain
acquire
accumulate
amass
scrape together
collect
fetch
realize
yield
net
make
recruit
enlist
sign up
conscript
call to arms
call up
muster
mobilize
levy
rally
press
get/gather together
assemble
call together
draft
impose
exact
demand
charge
cause (a ghost or spirit) to appear.
"the piece raises the ghosts of a number of twentieth-century ideas"
bring (someone) back from death.
"God raised Jesus from the dead"
"Dum de dum, dum de dum", he hummed as he sauntered down the road.
road (not comparable)
amused, entertained
roadstead (plural roadsteads)
(nautical) A partly-sheltered anchorage; a stretch of water near the shore where vessels may ride at anchor, but with less protection than a harbour.
a harbouring
a sheltering (plural shelterings)
A shelter; a structure beneath which one shelters.
a fairground amusement consisting of a tall spiral slide winding around a tower.
2.
disorder; confusion.
"the helter-skelter"
D
IS
ORDER
C
ON
FUS
ION
Focussed ultrasound (FUS) refers to a relatively new non-invasive therapeutic modality that uses high intensity focussed ultrasound (HIFU) to treat a variety of disorders.
Focused ultrasound excites neurons via mechanosensitive calcium accumulation and ion channel amplification
For intimate communication between electrical devices and biological areas, signal transfer in human–machine interfaces has become an issue due to differences in signal carriers. Furthermore, as the amount of ions acquired from biological systems is very small, amplification of weak ionic signals is required for effective signal processing. Here, we report the signal amplification effect observed in a fully ionic device system.
Through the modified design of polyelectrolyte gel-based ionic diodes, minute ionic signals can be directly injected into ionic devices and can also be amplified to a large amount of ions by generating additional ionic currents. Our findings will be applicable to engineering ion-based information processing devices, as well as achieving direct communication with biological signals.
device; plural noun: devices
1.
a thing made or adapted for a particular purpose, especially a piece of mechanical or electronic equipment.
"a measuring device"
vice versa
/ˌvʌɪs ˈvəːsə,vʌɪsə ˈvəːsə/
adverb: vice versa
with the main items in the preceding statement the other way round.
conversely
inversely
the other way round
contrariwise
oppositely
in reverse
reciprocally
early 17th century: from Latin, literally ‘in-turned position’.
adversary; plural noun: adversaries
one's opponent in a contest, conflict, or dispute.
"Davis beat his old adversary in the quarter-finals”
opponent
rival
enemy
foe
nemesis
antagonist
combatant
challenger
contender
competitor
opposer
fellow contestant
opposition
competition
corrival
conflicting (comparative more conflicting, superlative most conflicting)
fighting; contending; in conflict
Being in opposition; contrary; contradictory.
in the absence of all conflicting evidence
From Middle English contenden, borrowed from Old French contendre, from Latin contendere (“to stretch out, extend, strive after, contend”), from com- (“together”) + tendere (“to stretch”); see tend, and compare attend, extend, intend, subtend.
contend (third-person singular simple present contends, present participle contending, simple past and past participle contended)
To strive in opposition; to contest; to dispute; to vie; to quarrel; to fight.
To struggle or exert oneself to obtain or retain possession of, or to defend.
To strive in debate; to engage in discussion; to dispute; to argue.
To believe (something is reasonable) and argue (for it); to advocate.
In this paper the author contends that no useful results can be obtained if this method is used.
(strive in opposition): fight, combat, vie, oppose
(struggle): struggle, strive, emulate (rare)
(strive in debate): contest, litigate, dispute, debate
(believe and argue): assert, aver
contender
contention
contentious
to contend in opposition, battle, or any conflict; compete. to struggle vigorously, as in opposition or resistance: to strive against fate. to rival; vie.
vie
/vʌɪ/
verb: vie; 3rd person present: vies; past tense: vied; past participle: vied; gerund or present participle: vying
compete eagerly with someone in order to do or achieve something.
compete
contend
contest
struggle
fight
battle
cross swords
lock horns
jockey
jostle
grapple
wrestle
war
wage war
feud
mid 16th century: probably a shortening of obsolete envy, via Old French from Latin invitare ‘challenge’
challenge; plural noun: challenges
1.
a call to someone to participate in a competitive situation or fight to decide who is superior in terms of ability or strength.
"he accepted the challenge"
late 14c., "to take what is offered; admit and agree to (a proposal, etc.)," from Old French accepter (14c.) or directly from Latin acceptare "take or receive willingly," frequentative of accipere "receive, get without effort," from ad "to" (see ad-) + capere "to take," from PIE root *kap- "to grasp." Related: Accepted ...
acceptation (countable and uncountable, plural acceptations)
(obsolete) Acceptance; reception; favorable reception or regard; the state of being acceptable.
The meaning in which a word or expression is understood, or generally received.
The term is to be used according to its usual acceptation.
Ready belief.
When an electric field is applied to ions in a medium, a phenomenon causes the ions to move with the electric field.
An ionic crystal is a crystalline ionic compound. They are solids consisting of ions bound together by their electrostatic attraction into a regular lattice..
.
The term "holy grail" is often used to denote an elusive object or goal that is sought after for its great significance.
a silicon crystal...
silly
/ˈsɪli/
adjective: silly; comparative adjective: sillier; superlative adjective: silliest
1.
having or showing a lack of common sense or judgement; absurd and foolish.
"another of his silly jokes"
verb: con; 3rd person present: cons; past tense: conned; past participle: conned; gerund or present participle: conning
persuade (someone) to do or believe something by lying to them.
In 1935 tobacco mosaic virus became the first virus to be crystallized
A semiconductor material has an electrical conductivity value falling between that of a conductor, such as metallic copper, and an insulator, such as glass. Its resistivity falls as its temperature rises; metals behave in the opposite way. Its conducting properties may be altered in useful ways by introducing impurities ("doping") into the crystal structure.
When two differently-doped regions exist in the same crystal, a semiconductor junction is created. The behavior of charge carriers, which include electrons, ions and electron holes, at these junctions is the basis of diodes, transistors and most modern electronics. Some examples of semiconductors are silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide, and elements near the so-called "metalloid staircase" on the periodic table.
After silicon, gallium arsenide is the second most common semiconductor and is used in laser diodes, solar cells, microwave-frequency integrated circuits, and others. Silicon is a critical element for fabricating most electronic circuits.
Critical thinking is the analysis of facts to form a judgment. The subject is complex, and several different definitions exist, which generally include the rational, skeptical, unbiased analysis, or evaluation of factual evidence.
mid 16th century (in the sense ‘relating to the crisis of a disease’): from late Latin criticus (see critic).
late 16th century: from Latin criticus, from Greek kritikos, from kritēs ‘a judge’, from krinein ‘judge, decide’.
From Middle English deciden, from Old French decider, from Latin dēcīdere, infinitive of dēcīdō (“cut off, decide”), from dē (“down from”) + caedō (“cut”).
decide (third-person singular simple present decides, present participle deciding, simple past and past participle decided)
(transitive, intransitive) to resolve (a contest, problem, dispute, etc.); to choose, determine, or settle
Middle English setlen, from Old English setlan (“to settle, seat, put to rest”), from Old English setl (“seat”) (compare Dutch zetelen (“to be established, settle”)) and
Middle English sahtlen, seihtlen (“to reconcile, calm, subside”), from Old English sahtlian, ġesehtlian (“to reconcile”), from Old English saht, seht (“settlement, agreement, reconciliation, peace”) (see saught, -le).
settle (third-person singular simple present settles, present participle settling, simple past and past participle settled)
To conclude or resolve (something):
(transitive) To determine (something which was exposed to doubt or question); to resolve conclusively; to set or fix (a time, an order of succession, etc).
His fears were settled
(transitive) To place or arrange in(to) a desired (especially: calm) state, or make final disposition of (something).
to settle my affairs
(intransitive, usually with "down", "in", "on" or another preposition) To become stationary or fixed; to come to rest.
From Middle English sahtlen, which merged with set(t)len, as in the standard English form settle (which see).
Verb
sattle (third-person singular simple present sattles, present participle sattling, simple past and past participle sattled)
(Britain, dialectal) Alternative form of settle, especially in the senses of "silence; become or make calm or orderly; adjust differences or accounts; settle down".
Sattel (“saddle”) + -en
saddle (third-person singular simple present saddles, present participle saddling, simple past and past participle saddled)
(transitive) To put a saddle on
From Middle English harneys, harnes, harneis, harnais, herneis, from Anglo-Norman harneis and Old French hernois (“equipment used in battle”), believed to be from Old Norse *hernest, from Old Norse heer (“army”) + nest (“provisions”)
harnessings
plural of a harnessing
har
A sound of laughter, with a sarcastic connotation.
From Proto-Germanic *hairaz, from Proto-Indo-European *key-, *koy-. Cognate with Old High German hēr (German hehr (“august, holy”)), Old Norse hárr (“grey”), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍃 (hais, “torch”), Old Saxon hēr. Non-Germanic cognates include Sanskrit केतु (ketu, “light, torch”).
If someone tells you to lighten up, they think you should be less serious and make an effort to be more relaxed and happy.
Come on, this is a party
late Middle English: via Old French from Latin harmonia ‘joining, concord’, from Greek, from harmos ‘joint’.
One of the guiding principles of the joint decision model is that decision makers use their professional judgement and experience in deciding any additional questions to ask and considerations to take into account, so that they can reach a jointly agreed decision.
harmonize (third-person singular simple present harmonizes, present participle harmonizing, simple past and past participle harmonized)
(intransitive) To be in harmonious agreement.
(intransitive, music) To play or sing in harmony.
(transitive, music) To provide parts to.
(transitive) To bring things into harmony, or to make things compatible.
(transitive) To provide the harmony for a melody.
A MELODY
From Romani ame, from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑁂 (amhe), from Sanskrit अस्मान् (asmān), from Proto-Indo-European *n̥smé.
Pronoun
ame
we
ame f (plural ames)
soul; spirit
From Proto-Tani *a-mə, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mej. Cognates include Burmese မီး (mi:) and Tibetan མེ (me).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈa˧˥me˥˩/
Noun
ámè
fire
ame
first-person plural present indicative of avere
From Latin habēre, present active infinitive of habeō (“have, hold, possess”)
Verb
avere
(transitive) To have
(transitive) To need
ame
with love, in love, lovingly
Borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin amia (“sea fish”), derived from Ancient Greek ἀμία (amía).
amia f (genitive amiae); first declension
A sea fish, probably a tuna
tuna
(transitive) to laud, to praise
belut + tuna
From Malay belut (“eel”).
belut tanah
From tanah (“land”) + air (“water”), literally “land (and) water”.
homeland; fatherland; motherland.
Anah or Ana (Arabic: عانة, ʾĀna), formerly also known as Anna, is an Iraqi town on the Euphrates river, approximately midway between the Gulf of Alexandretta and the Persian Gulf. Anah lies from west to east on the right bank along a bend of the river just before it turns south towards Hit.
The town was called (d)Ha-na-atKI in cuneiform texts from the Old Babylonian period, A-na-at by the scribes of Tukulti-Ninurta c. 885 BC,[citation needed] and An-at by the scribes of Assur-nasir-pal II in 879 BC. The name has been connected with the widely worshipped war goddess Anat. It was known as Anathō (Greek: Άναθω) to Isidore Charax and Anatha to Ammianus Marcellinus; early Arabic writers described it variously as ʾĀna or (as if plural) ʾĀnāt.
Well, to cut short My Lady is a civil term of respect for a woman. The term can be used sarcastically, but can also be a term of endearment. ... “My lady” would be used when addressing the feminine equivalent of a lord, by someone of lesser rank.
Our Lord
used as a title for God or Jesus Christ. "the resurrection of Our Lord"
"give thanks to the Lord"
verb: lord; 3rd person present: lords; past tense: lorded; past participle: lorded; gerund or present participle: lording
1.
act in a superior and domineering manner towards (someone).
assert authority or dominance over (something or someone).
order about
order around
boss about
boss around
give orders to
domineer
dominate
dictate to
pull rank on
tyrannize
bully
browbeat
oppress
repress
ride roughshod over
have under one's thumb
be overbearing
put on airs
swagger
throw one's weight about
throw one's weight around
act big
confer the title of Lord upon.
Old English hlāford, from hlāfweard ‘bread-keeper’, from a Germanic base (see loaf1, ward). Compare with lady.
lady; plural noun: ladies; noun: one's lady; plural noun: one's ladies; noun: ladies; plural noun: the ladies
1.
a polite or formal way of referring to a woman.
late Middle English: from Old French referer or Latin referre ‘carry back’, from re- ‘back’ + ferre ‘bring’.
refer (third-person singular simple present refers, present participle referring, simple past and past participle referred)
(transitive) To direct the attention of.
(transitive) To place in or under by a mental or rational process; to assign to, as a class, a cause, source, a motive, reason, or ground of explanation
.
He referred the phenomena to electrical
disturbances.
(intransitive, construed with to) To allude to, make a reference or allusion to.
refer
second-person singular present active imperative of referō
From re- + ferō (“bear, carry”).
referō (present infinitive referre, perfect active rettulī, supine relātum); third conjugation, irregular
I bear, bring, drive or carry back.
I give back, give up, return, restore, pay back, repay, pay in return, show my gratitude.
(of sound) I bring back, return, answer, echo, resound.
I bring back, restore, renew, revive, repeat.
I say in return, respond, reply, answer, represent.
I call to mind, recall, think over, call back to memory.
I reconsider
I refer to, assign to, give credit for.
I judge by, measure according to a certain standard.
I restore, renew, revive.
(news or message) I repeat, report, deliver, transmit, announce, relate, recount, tell, say.
(matter of import, to the senate) I bring before, refer to.
(name or item in a list) I include, enter.
I make known officially, report, announce, notify, proclaim, register, record.
(passive) I retreat, go back, withdraw, return.