Latent until activated by the correct frequency wavelengh to resonate the cavity.
Viral latency is the ability of a virus to remain dormant within the host cell
A virus receptor can be defined as a host cell surface component recognized by the virus as a gateway to entry into the cell.
Membrane potential is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell.
Cationic liposomes are spherical structures that contain positively charged lipids. Cationic liposomes can vary in size between 40 nm and 500 nm, and they can either have one lipid bilayer (monolamellar) or multiple lipid bilayers (multilamellar).[1] The positive charge of the phospholipids allows cationic liposomes to form complexes with negatively charged nucleic acids (DNA, mRNA, and siRNA) through ionic interactions.
Ionic interactions arise from electrostatic attraction between two groups of opposite charge. ... These interactions do not produce true “bonds,” since there is no sharing of electrons between the groups involved. The groups are pushed together by their “expulsion” from the polar medium.
The dipole consists of two point electric charges of opposite polarity located close together.
An ion-dipole force is an attractive force that results from the electrostatic attraction between an ion and a neutral molecule that has a dipole. Most commonly found in solutions. ... A positive ion (cation) attracts the partially negative end of a neutral polar molecule.
Dipolar or polar molecules are the molecules that posses an electric dipole. The dipoles of some molecules depend on their environment and can change substantially when they are transferred from one medium to another, especially when molecules become ionized in a solvent.
Photoionization is the physical process in which an ion is formed from the interaction of a photon with an atom or molecule.
In some materials, the absorption of a single photon can trigger a chain reaction that produces a large burst of light. The discovery of these photon avalanches in nanostructures opens the way to imaging and sensing applications.
The photon is a type of elementary particle. It is the quantum of the electromagnetic field, including electromagnetic radiation such as light and radio waves and the force carrier for the electromagnetic force. Photons are massless, so they always move at the speed of light in vacuum, 299792458 m/s.
Photon echo is a fundamental tool for the manipulation of electromagnetic fields.
Photon Echo
The signal of the photon echo (PE) is the optical coherent response of a resonant medium (such as a crystal doped with ions) to the effects in certain conditions of two or more laser pulses separated in time.
From: Fundamentals of Femtosecond Optics, 2013
7 Conclusion and Outlook
R-doped crystals fulfill many of the requirements for an efficient QIP system. Protocols exist that take advantage of their specific spectroscopic properties, which can be moreover enhanced and tailored by a number of techniques. In particular, R-doped crystals can provide interfaces between photonic quantum bits, in the optical and microwave ranges, and solid-state qubits. As these qubits can be further processed by optical control, a complete quantum network node could be obtained.
However, a QIP system outperforming a classical system in current information processing tasks is extremely demanding. Still, R-based quantum memories seem much closer to reach the required operating parameters than quantum computers, which are clearly much more complex devices. Strong theoretical and experimental improvements are needed, including development of new materials. Here, bulk single crystals are the preferred choice because of their outstanding spectroscopic properties, although some parameters have still to be improved. Attractive alternatives, like nanostructured materials, may provide additional and important features. In particular, this could allow coupling R ions to other atomic quantum systems, nanoscale quantum mechanical oscillators, or nanocavities.
In such hybrid quantum systems, one could expect to combine efficient processing and storage functionalities, and interface quantum states of different physical nature. This approach may not only benefit QIP but also open the way to fundamental studies in quantum physics.
