Pfizer asks UK regulator to approve Covid vaccine for use in 12 to 15-year-olds?
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A light activated virus (HIV) needs to recieve the light through a photoreceptor to be attenuated through a phase mask and activated from latency ... using... biological waveguides?
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Noun
negative proof (plural negative proofs)
A fallacious judgment that, because a premise cannot be proven true, that premise must be false
When that film is processed, it reverses the tones of the subject. In simple terms, the image is dark where the subject was light, and light where the subject was dark. That resulting image is known as a negative.
Negative tone: Negative tone tends to make the reader feel angry and defensive, and may damage your professional image. ... Negative tone can also makes your message difficult to understand and remember. Neutral tone: Neutral tone is the absence of positive or negative language. Neutral tone has no feeling—just the facts.
A negative image is a total inversion, in which light areas appear dark and vice versa. ... Film negatives usually have less contrast, but a wider dynamic range, than the final printed positive images. The contrast typically increases when they are printed onto photographic paper.
Benefits of negative oral contrast agents are the reduction of ghosting artifacts caused by the lack of signal. Superparamagnetic iron oxides produce also in low concentrations a noticeable signal loss; but can generate susceptibility artifacts especially in gradient echo sequences.
A contrast agent is a substance used to increase the contrast of structures or fluids within the body in medical imaging. Contrast agents absorb or alter external electromagnetism or ultrasound, which is different from radiopharmaceuticals, which emit radiation themselves
Contrast materials, also called contrast agents or contrast media, are used to improve pictures of the inside of the body produced by x-rays, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and ultrasound. Often, contrast materials allow the radiologist to distinguish normal from abnormal conditions.
Recent developments in quantum dot (QD) technology have paved the way for using QDs as optical contrast agents for in vivo imaging. Pioneering papers showed the use of QDs as luminescent contrast agents for imaging cancer and guiding cancer surgery.
Quantitative profiling of membrane proteins on the cell surface is of great interest in tumor targeted therapy and single cell biology. However, the existing technologies are either of insufficient resolution, or unable to provide precise information on the localization of individual proteins. Here, we report a new method that combines the use of quantum dot labeling, super-resolution microscopy (structured illumination microscopy, SIM) and software modeling. In this proof-of-principle study, we assessed the biological effects of Bestatin on individual cells from different AML cell lines expressing CD13 proteins, a potential target for tumor targeted therapy. Using the proposed method, we found that the different AML cell lines exhibit different CD13 expression densities, ranging from 0.1 to 1.3 molecules per μm2 cell surface, respectively.
-Yan Xi‡ acd, Dianbing Wang‡ b, Tingting Wang b, Lin Huang b and Xian-En Zhang ORCID logo*bac
aWuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy o
Envelope glycoprotein GP120 (or gp120) is a glycoprotein exposed on the surface of the HIV envelope. ... Gp120 is essential for virus entry into cells as it plays a vital role in attachment to specific cell surface receptors
It enables on-chip selective HIV capture and rapid imaging within 10 minutes using quantum dot (Qdot) which has remarkable photostability and brightness allowing the continuous imaging of individual viruses (Agrawal et al.
Have a lovely day.
verb: image; 3rd person present: images; past tense: imaged; past participle: imaged; gerund or present participle: imaging
make a representation of the external form of.
make a visual representation of (something) by scanning it with a detector or electromagnetic beam.
Note to oneself:
In high-Q resonators, there is a subtlety to determination of resonance line center because resonances occur as doublets on account of backscatter-induced splitting of the initially degenerate clockwise and counterclockwise whispering gallery modes (14, 15)
Images may be subject to copyright
copyright infringement.. .
Birefringence is responsible for the phenomenon of double refraction whereby a ray of light, when incident upon a birefringent material, is split by polarization into two rays taking slightly different paths. This effect was first described by the Danish scientist Rasmus Bartholin in 1669, who observed it[2] in calcite, a crystal having one of the strongest birefringences. However, it was not until the 19th century that Augustin-Jean Fresnel described the phenomenon in terms of polarization, understanding light as a wave with field components in transverse polarization (perpendicular to the direction of the wave vector).
Doubly refracted image as seen through a calcite crystal, seen through a rotating polarizing filter illustrating the opposite polarization states of the two images.
So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them.
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In electrical and mechanical trades and manufacturing, each half of a pair of mating connectors or fasteners is conventionally assigned the designation male or female. The female connector is generally a receptacle that receives and holds the male connector.
... COUPLER A conventional Y-junction guiding structure usu- ally consists of tapered waveguide sections con- necting access input waveguide and two output waveguides, as shown in Fig. 1. The spacing between outer waveguides increases linearly in this light- guiding structure. In a Y-junction 3-dB coupler [11], the outer branches are kept geometrically symmetric to launch equal amount of light into each waveguide, evenly distributing the optical input power into the two output ports. Such a coupler exhibits a better ...
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And they said, We cannot, until all the flocks be gathered together, and [till] they roll the stone from the well's mouth; then we water the sheep.
pull (someone) into one's arms.
"she gathered the child in her arms"
gerund or present participle: gathering
1.
come together; assemble or accumulate.
accumulation (countable and uncountable, plural accumulations)
The act of amassing or gathering, as into a pile.
The process of growing into a heap or a large amount.
an accumulation of earth, of sand, of evils, of wealth, or of honors
A mass of something piled up or collected.
(law) The concurrence of several titles to the same proof.
Borrowed from Latin accumulāre, present active infinitive of accumulō (“accumulate”).
From Middle English comen, cumen, from Old English cuman, from Proto-Germanic *kwemaną (“to come”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem- (“to step”).
come forward
volunteer oneself for a task or post or to give evidence about a crime.
"two witnesses have come forward with information"
volunteer
step forward
offer one's services
make oneself available
an interval in a scale; a tone (whole step) or semitone (half step).
5.
PHYSICS
an abrupt change in the value of a quantity, especially voltage.
Refers to a sine wave that instead of looking like a smooth curve where the voltage gradually ramps up and down over the course of the cycle, there are a series of “steps” or jumps in voltage from one plateau to another. ... Stepped or modified sine waves are what are output from many UPS devices.
A square wave is a non-sinusoidal periodic waveform in which the amplitude alternates at a steady frequency between fixed minimum and maximum values, with the same duration at minimum and maximum. In an ideal square wave, the transitions between minimum and maximum are instantaneous.
Nanobubble subjected to a shock wave that disrupts the BBB. The cavitation effect makes an opening space, allowing small particles extravasation. InP quantum dots-loaded nanobubbles activated by ultrasound can temporarily permeabilize into the BBB, causing quantum dots accumulation in the brain tumor tissue, as evidenced by ultrasound and fluorescence imaging.
WOW! I understand almost nothing of your work - Research. Just finished reviewing a multitude of posts. Instinctually I am hoping it will help all the sheeple who so willingly turned themselves into lab rats. You continue to amaze me. ✨🙏🏻✨💗✨🌹✨
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Note: "Here, we developed infectious HIV-1 virions encapsulating QDs through site-specific decoration of the viral matrix protein (MA) and used them to visualize early infection events in human primary macrophages by single-particle imaging. The MA protein was fused to a biotin acceptor peptide (BAP) tag, biotinylated, complexed with streptavidin-conjugated QDs in live cells, and incorporated into virions during virus assembly."
Note: We made reporter HIV-1 DNA constructs carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene and exchangeable env of subtype E. The recombinant constructs were used to produce infectious reporter viruses, which induced infected cells to emit green fluorescent light and rendered them easily detectable at single cell level.
In this article, we will examine what is meant by "fluorescence", the history and basic physics behind its definition, the discovery and application of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) and a look at the rapidly expanding field of fluorescent probes including Quantum Dots.
This ubiquitous technique has transformed the way in which microscopists can image, tag and trace anything from whole organisms to single proteins and beyond.
Magnetic Janus particles as a multifunctional drug delivery system for paclitaxel in efficient cancer treatment - ScienceDirect
Paclitaxel is broad-spectrum anticancer drug which has been widely used in clinic. However, traditional drug delivery often suffers from the scarcity …
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0928493118333903
Coal is one of the most Earth-abundant and low-cost sources of carbon that can be used for the preparation of GOQDs (Supplementary Tables S1–2).
Coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP), commonly known as "black lung disease," occurs when coal dust is inhaled. Over time, continued exposure to the coal dust causes scarring in the lungs, impairing your ability to breathe. Considered an occupational lung disease, it is most common among coal miners.
Pneumoconiosis is the general term for a class of interstitial lung diseases where inhalation of dust has caused interstitial fibrosis.
In 2013, it resulted in 260,000 deaths globally, up from 251,000 deaths in 1990.[5] Of these deaths, 46,000 were due to silicosis, 24,000 due to asbestosis and 25,000 due to coal workers pneumoconiosis.
Silicosis (also known as "grinder's disease" or Potter's rot, or when related to silica inhaled from the ash of an erupting volcano, pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis) – crystalline silica dust
Bauxite fibrosis – bauxite
Berylliosis – beryllium
Siderosis – iron
Byssinosis – cotton
Silicosiderosis – mixed dust containing silica and iron
Byssinosis[n 1] is an occupational lung disease caused by exposure to cotton dust in inadequately ventilated working environments.[2] Byssinosis commonly occurs in workers who are employed in yarn and fabric manufacture industries. It is now thought that the cotton dust directly causes the disease and some believe that the causative agents are endotoxins that come from the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria that grow on the cotton. Although bacterial endotoxin is a likely cause, the absence of similar symptoms in workers in other industries exposed to endotoxins makes this uncertain.
The reaction of the lung to mineral dusts depends on many variables, including size, shape, solubility, and reactivity of the particles. For example, particles greater than 5 to 10 μm are unlikely to reach distal airways, whereas particles smaller than 0.5 μm move into and out of alveoli, often without substantial deposition and injury. Particles that are 1 to 5 μm in diameter are the most dangerous, because they get lodged at the bifurcation of the distal airways.
Coal dust is relatively inert, and large amounts must be deposited in the lungs before lung disease is clinically detectable. Silica, asbestos, and beryllium are more reactive than coal dust, resulting in fibrotic reactions at lower concentrations. Most inhaled dust is entrapped in the mucus blanket and rapidly removed from the lung by ciliary movement. However, some of the particles become impacted at alveolar duct bifurcations, where macrophages accumulate and engulf the trapped particulates. The pulmonary alveolar macrophage is a key cellular element in the initiation and perpetuation of lung injury and fibrosis.
Many particles activate the inflammasome and induce IL-1 production. The more reactive particles trigger the macrophages to release a number of products that mediate an inflammatory response and initiate fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition. Some of the inhaled particles may reach the lymphatics either by direct drainage or within migrating macrophages and thereby initiate an immune response to components of the particulates and/or to self-proteins that are modified by the particles. This then leads to an amplification and extension of the local reaction. Tobacco smoking worsens the effects of all inhaled mineral dusts, more so with asbestos than with any other particle.
Progressive massive fibrosis (PMF), characterized by the development of large conglomerate masses of dense fibrosis (usually in the upper lung zones), can complicate silicosis[1] and coal worker's pneumoconiosis.[2] Conglomerate masses may also occur in other pneumoconioses, such as talcosis,[3] berylliosis (CBD),[3] kaolin pneumoconiosis,[4] and pneumoconiosis from carbon compounds,[4] such as carbon black, graphite, and oil shale. Conglomerate masses can also develop in sarcoidosis,[5] but usually near the hilae and with surrounding paracicatricial emphysema.
The disease arises firstly through the deposition of silica or coal dust (or other dust) within the lung, and then through the body's immunological reactions to the dust.
Graphene is an allotrope of carbon consisting of a single layer of atoms arranged in a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice. The name is a portmanteau of "graphite" and the suffix -ene, reflecting the fact that the graphite allotrope of carbon consists of stacked graphene layers.
Localized surface plasmons are confined collective oscillations of electrons in metallic nanoparticles. When driven by light, the optical response is dictated by geometrical parameters and the dielectric environment and plasmons are therefore extremely important for sensing applications. Plasmons in graphene disks have the additional benefit of being highly tunable via electrical stimulation. Mechanical vibrations create structural deformations in ways where the excitation of localized surface plasmons can be strongly modulated. We show that the spectral shift in such a scenario is determined by a complex interplay between the symmetry and shape of the modal vibrations and the plasmonic mode pattern. Tuning confined modes of light in graphene via acoustic excitations, paves new avenues in shaping the sensitivity of plasmonic detectors, and in the enhancement of the interaction with optical emitters, such as molecules, for future nanophotonic devices.
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