SCFAs are organic fatty acids with 1-6 carbon atoms. The main production site of SCFAs is in the colon, which is mostly produced by anaerobic fermentation of carbohydrates in undigested and absorbed food residues, mainly including acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid. SCFAs participate in different metabolisms and perform different functions in the human body. Among them, acetic acid is an important source of energy for host cells; Propionic acid enters the liver through blood circulation, is catabolized in the liver, and participates in the process of reverse conversion of pyruvate to glucose; Butyric acid is the main energy source for epithelial cells.
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